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Cyanea scabra

Hillebr. (1888)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Asterales Family: Campanulaceae Genus: Cyanea

hāhā [haha]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 0.5–1.5 m tall.

Stems: Stems branched, smooth to muricate or aculeate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Alternate. Blades broadly elliptic to obovate, blades 15–23 cm long, 7–11 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base obtuse. Upper surfaces green, glabrous to sparsely muricate; lower surfaces pale green, glabrous, pubescent, muricate, or aculeate. Margins callose–dentate. Petioles 4–7 cm long, glabrous, muricate, or aculeate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in inflorescences 6–12–flowered, peduncles 15–40 mm long, pedicels 12–18 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect); hypanthium obconical, 4–6 mm long, 3–4 mm wide. Calyx lobes oblong, 4–10 mm long, 2–3 mm wide, apex obtuse, truncate, or emarginate, sometimes with an apiculation. Corolla white, often with pale lilac longitudinal stripes, 45–53 mm long, 5–7 mm wide, glabrous or pubescent, the tube arcuate, the lobes spreading, ¼–⅓ as long as the tube, often muricate. Stamens 5, alternate with corolla lobes, connate; staminal column glabrous; anthers glabrous, the lower 2 with apical tufts of white hairs. Ovary inferior, 2-celled; ovule placentation axile; stigma 2-lobed, wet or dry, appressed and nonreceptive as the style grows through the anther tube, pushing out the pollen, after which the stigmas spread apart and become receptive.

Fruit: Berries yellowish orange; ellipsoid; 10–13 mm long; crowned by the persistent calyx lobes. Seeds numerous.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Occurring in mesic valleys; West Maui.

Elevation Range: 460–850 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Fl. Hawaiian Isl.: 256 (1888)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:461 (WM); Lammers 2004:94 (KEY)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Description Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyanea scabra Wailuku District, Waikapu Valley, north fork Vegetation: Metrosideros, Antidesma, Coprosma, Psychotria, Pouteria, Perrottetia, Piptutus, Urera, Cyrtandra, Touchardia, Wikstroemia, Freycinetia, Dodonaea, Pleomele, Cibotium, Christella, Microlepia, Dryopteris, Elaphoglossum, Lysimachia, Tectaria, Cyanea, Asplenium, Nephrolepis, Macaranga, Toona, Erigeron, Adiantum, Blechnum. Preserved_Specimen Locally common, 100's of plants in all size classes, unbranched shrubs to 1.5m tall. Flowers white, latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71102 Maui BISH 2011-07-01
2 Cyanea scabra Lahaina District, Mahinahina Gulch On south side of intermittent stream bed, in shady forest. Vegetation:: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Freycinetia, Pouteria, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Strongylodon, Coprosma, Kadua, Cibotium, Musa, Crepidomanes. Preserved_Specimen 4-5 plants. May be a clonal patch. Both parents occur along this stream bed. Flowers white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81214 Maui BISH 2012-08-09
3 Cyanea scabra Lahaina District, Mahinahina Gulch A couple of plants along intermittent streambed. Preserved_Specimen Seems intermediate between C. scabra and C. lobata subsp. lobata; both taxa and a hybrid colony occur nearby in this gulch. Differs from C. scabra s.s. in the lack of prickles on stems or foliage, and wider leaves with lobing, a feature usually only observed in immature C. scabra. Flowers white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 111222 Maui BISH 2012-11-20
4 Cyanea scabra East Maui, Hana District, east fork of West Wailua Iki Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Cibotium, Pneumatopteris, Kadua, Touchardia, Rubus, Coprosma, Athyrium, Diplopterygium, Dicranopteris, Sticherus, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Deschampsia, Peperomia, Adenophorus, Vandenboschia, Clermontia, Gunnera. Preserved_Specimen Locally common understory shrubs; sparingly branched but lower stems rooting when touching soil; latex white, flowers white, sometimes with pale purple longitudinal stripes on distal half of corolla. Young leaves not lobed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110750 Maui BISH 2007-11-29
5 Cyanea scabra USA, Hawaiian Islands, Maui, West Maui, Kaua'ula Valley, north fork Aspect: NW. Sprawling patch of trees with a single, large trunk in small tributary in Diplazium patch. Mesic-wet forest: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron trigynum, Perrottetia, Hydrangea arguta, Planchonella, Musa, Pipturus, Psychotria marianiana, Diplazium sandwichianum, Dicranopteris, Xylosma hawwaiiensis, Clermontia kakeana, Cyanea scabra, Cyanea macrostegia, Cyrtandra grayi, Touchardia latifolia, Sadleria souleyetiana, Sadleria cyatheoides, Coprosma, Wikstroemia oahuensis, Kadua axillaris, Vandenboschia, Deparia, Christella parisitica Preserved_Specimen + Henderson, R. 85 Maui BISH 2025-05-29
6 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Nakalaloa stream, Iao Valley Preserved_Specimen to 5'; fruit; berries ovoid cylindrical 10-13 mm long, bright yellow orange; calyx loves 10 mm, green; top of leaves, petioles, upper stem muricate Hobdy, R.W. 757 Maui BISH 1980-01-20
7 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Makamakaole gulch, Maluhia pipeline trail shady, damp Preserved_Specimen 1-3'; stems unarmed and decumbent with assurgent tips Hobdy, R.W. 796 Maui BISH 1980-05-07
8 Cyanea scabra W Maui, Lahaina District, Puu Kukui Watershed, Honokohau Valley Growing on steep shady slope just above the stream. Preserved_Specimen Oppenheimer, H.L. 89601 Maui BISH 1996-08-21
9 Cyanea scabra Lahaina District, Kaua`ula Valley, upper south fork headwaters Growing in gulch bottoms and shady, steep slopes. Vegetation: Metrosideros Wet Forest w/Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Myrsine, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Ilex, Touchardia, Pipturus, Urera, Boehmeria, Freycinetia, Cibotium, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Clermontia, Cyanea, Lobelia, Kadua, Christella, Diplazium, Dryopteris, Pilea, Peperomia, Rumex, Carex, Coffea, Setaria, Polypogon, Tibouchina, Ageratina, Erigeron, Blechnum, Musa. Preserved_Specimen Locally common shrubs to 1.5m tall; flowers white; latex white. Stems armed, especially in younger plants. Oppenheimer, H.L. 101009 Maui BISH 2010-10-12
10 Cyanea scabra N Haleakala, Papaaea Preserved_Specimen 4 ft. Forbes, C.N. 2522 Maui BISH 1920-06-14
11 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Lahaina, Wailua, Waihee Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. 5 Maui BISH
12 Cyanea scabra W Maui, Wailuku District, Waihee Valley Preserved_Specimen Flowers white w. purple stripes. Oppenheimer, H.L. 80022 Maui BISH 2000-08-14
13 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Waihee Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16025 Maui BISH 1918-09-01
14 Cyanea scabra Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 490 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
15 Cyanea scabra United States. Hawaii: Maui, Waihee, West Maui Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. 5 Maui BISH
16 Cyanea scabra Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 490 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
17 Cyanea scabra Honokahau Drainage Basin Preserved_Specimen Forbes, C.N. 432 Maui BISH 1917-09-25
18 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Waihee Valley Preserved_Specimen Hashimoto, J. Maui BISH 1918-09-01
19 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Waihee Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16025 Maui BISH 1918-09-01
20 Cyanea scabra unknown Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. BISH
21 Cyanea scabra Waiehu Valley Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1870-08-01
22 Cyanea scabra Kaanapali Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1870-08-01
23 Cyanea scabra Valley of Waihee Preserved_Specimen Hillebrand, W.B. Maui BISH 1870-01-01
24 Cyanea scabra W Maui, Haelaau Preserved_Specimen Ewart III, G.R. 41 Maui BISH 1928-12-19
25 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Waihee Valley Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16026 Maui BISH 1918-09-01
26 Cyanea scabra W Maui, Honokahau Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 16024 Maui BISH 1918-09-05
27 Cyanea scabra Wailuku, District, Iao Valley, Nakalaloa Stream Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Cyanea, Clermontia, Antidesma, Xylosma, Freycinetia, Urera, Touchardia, Pipturus, Boehmeria, Psychotria, Cyrtandra, Gunnera, Bidens. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched shrubs to 1.75m along streams, locally common form with typical C. scabra but differs in the magenta striped corolla (vs. pure white), and larger more coriaceous leaves (vs. smaller and more chartaceous), and being completely unarmed (vs. sparsely muricate on flowers and leaves). Oppenheimer, H.L. 91117 Maui BISH 2011-09-15
28 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Wailuku District, slopes of Hanaula, Pohakea Gulch, east of Hanaula reservoirs Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Hydrangea, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, C. arborescens, Perrottetia, Scaevola, Athyrium, Tibouchina, Paspalum, Carex, Erigeron, Juncus Preserved_Specimen 2 plants observed with flowers purple not white or striped. Oppenheimer, H.L. 92013 Maui BISH 2020-09-28
29 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Lihau Mountain, Lihau section West Maui NAR (20.850343, -156.599469); 4000 [elevation??] In drainage near summit. Aspect: SW. Wet, intact forest: Metrosideros, Myrsine, Cheirodendron, Ilex, Coprosma, Hydrangea, Cyrtandra, Freycinetia, Perrottetia, Psychotria, Pipturus, Diplazium, Ctenitis, Hymenasplenium, Hoiokula, Touchardia, Pteris, Microlepia, Sadleria. Preserved_Specimen Large sprawling and erect plants up to 7 ft tall, many flowered, most having over 20 per inflorescence. Pezzillo, Z. 846 Maui BISH 2024-07-04
30 Cyanea scabra Pu'u Kukui Mahinahina gulch Native rainforest, in valley Preserved_Specimen Stems spined and young leaves spined. Small hairy white flowers. Multiplle plants Carter, I. 43 Maui BISH 2000-07-24
31 Cyanea scabra Wailuku District, Waihe`e Valleym, back headwall on north side of river. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Coprosma, Myrsine, Clermontia, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Psychotria, Kadua, Wikstroemia, Xylosma, Melicope, Pipturus, Urera, Freycinetia, Dicranopteris, Microlepia, Rhynchospora, Cibotium, Carex, Alyxia, Cyrtandra, Dryopteris, Pteris, Sadleria, Cyclosorus, Isachne, Peperomia, Clidemia, Tibouchina, Rubus, Phaius, Adiantum. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched and unarmed to 1/5m; latex white, flowers white with purple stripes. Grows with more common armed and white flowered form. Oppenheimer, H.L. 71304 Maui BISH 2013-07-24
32 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Makamakaole gulch, Maluhia pipeline trail shady, damp Preserved_Specimen 1-3'; stems unarmed and decumbent with assurgent tips Hobdy, R.W. 796 Maui BISH 1980-05-07
33 Cyanea scabra Lahaina District, Mahinahina Gulch Occasional along fintermittent stream bed. Vegetation:: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Freycinetia, Pouteria, Broussaisia, Perrottetia, Strongylodon, Hedychium, Coprosma, Kadua, Cibotium. Preserved_Specimen Unbranched or branched at base, latex white, flowers all white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81213 Maui BISH 2012-08-09
34 Cyanea scabra W. Maui, Waihee valley, back of valley near Wall of Tears In Metrosideros-Cheirodendron trigynum wet forest with Pipturus albidus, Clermontia micrantha, Cyanea scabra, Wikstroemia, Sadleria cyatheoides, Dubautia plantaginea, Cibotium, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria, Broussaisia arguta, Bidens conjuncta, Labordia hedyosmifolia, Machaerina angustifolia. Preserved_Specimen Small plants only 1 ft high with white fls. Perlman, S. 21247 Maui BISH 2008-11-06
35 Cyanea scabra West Maui, Honokohau valley wet; with Metrosideros, Dicranopteris linearis, Psychotria, Boehmeria, Pipturus, Wikstroemia, Perrottetia, Broussaisia, Hedyotis acuminata, Touchardia, Ilex, Freycinetia, Antidesma, Coprosma, Carex, Cyrtandra filipes, Labordia tinifolia, Nothocestrum longifolium, Clermontia, Bidens, Tibouchina Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 15528 Maui BISH 1996-08-21
36 Cyanea scabra Lahina District, West Maui, Kauaula valley, north fork of lower valley Metrosideros-Dicranopteris linearis wet forest. W/ pLanchonella sandwicensis, Pleomele, Urera grabra, Cyrtandra grayi, Pipturus, Perrottetia sandwicensis, Xylosma hawaiiense, Diplazium sandwichianum, Cheirodendron, Psychotria, Dubautia plantaginea Preserved_Specimen Scattered plants 2 meter ht with white flowers Perlman, S. 22904 Maui BISH 2012-06-06
37 Cyanea scabra Hana, Koolau FR, W fork of West Wailua Iki wet forest; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Clermontia, Pipturus, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Sadleria, Cibotium Preserved_Specimen to 2 m shrub; corolla white or occasionally distal purple longitudinal stripe; latex white Wood, K.R. 12647 Maui BISH 2007-11-29
38 Cyanea scabra Koolau FR, E fork of West Wailua Iki wet; Metrosideros, Dicranopteris, Diplopterygium, Clermontia, Pipturus, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Sadleria, Cibotium Preserved_Specimen to 2 m shrub or small tree; stems green clustered at base, rooting where touching soil; peduncles at 90°; flower upright, white, occasionally with purple pin stripe along suture of lobes Wood, K.R. 12653 Maui BISH 2007-11-29
39 Cyanea scabra East Maui, Hana District, E fork of W Wailua Iki Vegetation: Cheirodendron, Perrottetia, Kadua, Cibotium, Diplopterygium, Pneumatopteris, Touchardia, Rubus, Coprosma, Athyrium, Broussaisia, Pipturus, Metrosideros, Deschampsia, Prunella, Holcus, Tibouchina. Preserved_Specimen Understory shrubs to 1.75m tall, sparingly branched but lower stems rooting when touching soil; latex white; flowers white, sometimes with pale purple longitudinal stripes on distal half of corolla. Young leaves not lobed. Oppenheimer, H.L. 110745 Maui BISH 2007-11-28
40 Cyanea scabra Lahaina District, Honokowai Valley, Amalu Stream, north side, on steep slope below Pu`u Kukui Trail from Haela`au Cabin. Occasional but locally common in small ravine in deep shade. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Dodonaea, Dicranopteris, Diplopteyrgium, Freycinetia, Broussaisia, Coprosma, Perrottetia, Kadua, Cyrtandra, Alyxia, Ilex, Myrsine, Melicope, Nothocestrum, Cibotium, Sadleria, Diplazium, Athyrium, Pipturus, Touchardia, Urera, Cyanea, Clermontia, Peperomia, Scheidea, Tibouchina,, Rubus Preserved_Specimen Shrubs, unbranched to 1.75m; flowers pure white; latex white. Oppenheimer, H.L. 81318 Maui BISH 2013-08-07
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